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Online Published: 27 Feb 2025
 


Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System

Shireen Hamid, Rabia Ali, Warda Ahmad, Nayyar Rubab, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal, Khalid Ur Rehman.


Abstract
Objectives: This study aimed at correlation of ultrasound findings with fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) results using the Bethesda system, providing insights into thyroid nodule pathology.
Material and Methods: A retrospective analysis involving 104 patients was performed at Punjab Institute of Nuclear Medicine (PINUM) between July 5, 2023, and July 1, 2024. The study encompassed patients of all ages and genders diagnosed with cold thyroid nodules (solitary and with multinodular goiter) through thyroid nuclear scans. The exclusion criteria included diffuse goiter, hot nodules, recurrent thyroid cancers, and metastases. Ultrasound evaluations included the assessment of nodule composition and FNAC outcomes were classified according to the Bethesda system. Statistical analysis was conducted using SPSS version 24, with a significance threshold set at a P-value of less than 0.05.
Results: The majority of patients were female (94%); and the right side being the most frequently affected (57%). Benign cases dominated in all nodule categories. Solid single nodules demonstrated an increased risk of follicular neoplasm and malignancy. Spongiform nodules were primarily benign. Ultrasound findings demonstrated an 80% correlation with fine needle aspiration cytology outcomes.
Conclusion: Ultrasound, in conjunction with FNAC as reported on the Bethesda system, is highly useful in discriminating benign and malignant thyroid nodules, and it is suggested as a primary screening method for patients with thyroid nodules.
Keywords: Ultrasound (US), Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Thyroid Nodule (TN).

Key words: Ultrasound (US), Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology (FNAC), Thyroid nodule (TN).


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Hamid S, Ali R, Ahmad W, Rubab N, Afzal MS, Rehman KU. Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pak J Nucl Med. 2024; 14(2): 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044

Web Style

Hamid S, Ali R, Ahmad W, Rubab N, Afzal MS, Rehman KU. Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. https://www.pjnmed.com/?mno=210014 [Access: June 28, 2026]. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Hamid S, Ali R, Ahmad W, Rubab N, Afzal MS, Rehman KU. Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pak J Nucl Med. 2024; 14(2): 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Hamid S, Ali R, Ahmad W, Rubab N, Afzal MS, Rehman KU. Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pak J Nucl Med. (2024), [cited June 28, 2026]; 14(2): 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


Harvard Style

Hamid, S., Ali, . R., Ahmad, . W., Rubab, . N., Afzal, . M. S. & Rehman, . K. U. (2024) Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pak J Nucl Med, 14 (2), 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


Turabian Style

Hamid, Shireen, Rabia Ali, Warda Ahmad, Nayyar Rubab, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal, and Khalid Ur Rehman. 2024. Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 14 (2), 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


Chicago Style

Hamid, Shireen, Rabia Ali, Warda Ahmad, Nayyar Rubab, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal, and Khalid Ur Rehman. "Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System." Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine 14 (2024), 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Hamid, Shireen, Rabia Ali, Warda Ahmad, Nayyar Rubab, Muhammad Shahzad Afzal, and Khalid Ur Rehman. "Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System." Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine 14.2 (2024), 56-60. Print. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Hamid, S., Ali, . R., Ahmad, . W., Rubab, . N., Afzal, . M. S. & Rehman, . K. U. (2024) Integrated Evaluation of Thyroid Nodules: Correlation of Ultrasound Features with Fine Needle Aspiration Cytology Using the Bethesda System. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, 14 (2), 56-60. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1721051044




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