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Online Published: 17 Aug 2026
 


Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma

Dounia Nakro, Omar Ait Sahel, Ikram Zahfir, Abderrahim Doudouh.


Abstract
Differentiating tumor thrombus from hepatic metastasis is critical, as therapeutic strategies and prognosis differ substantially. We report the case of a 71-year-old man with pulmonary small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in whom staging 18F-FDG PET/CT initially suggested two hepatic metastases. Closer inspection of the fused images revealed that the uptake was in fact linear and intraluminal along the inferior vena cava (IVC), consistent with tumor thrombosis. Contrast-enhanced CT angiography confirmed partial IVC thrombosis. This case highlights an instructive pitfall and the added value of hybrid PET/CT in characterizing intravascular tumor extension

Key words: Pulmonary neuroendocrine carcinoma; Tumor thrombus; Inferior vena cava; 18F-FDG PET/CT; Diagnostic pitfall.


 
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How to Cite this Article
Pubmed Style

Nakro D, Sahel OA, Zahfir I, Doudouh A. Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pak J Nucl Med. Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324

Web Style

Nakro D, Sahel OA, Zahfir I, Doudouh A. Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. https://www.pjnmed.com/?mno=319046 [Access: August 17, 2026]. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324

AMA (American Medical Association) Style

Nakro D, Sahel OA, Zahfir I, Doudouh A. Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pak J Nucl Med. Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


Vancouver/ICMJE Style

Nakro D, Sahel OA, Zahfir I, Doudouh A. Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pak J Nucl Med, [cited August 17, 2026]; Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


Harvard Style

Nakro, D., Sahel, . O. A., Zahfir, . I. & Doudouh, . A. (0) Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pak J Nucl Med, Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


Turabian Style

Nakro, Dounia, Omar Ait Sahel, Ikram Zahfir, and Abderrahim Doudouh. 0. Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


Chicago Style

Nakro, Dounia, Omar Ait Sahel, Ikram Zahfir, and Abderrahim Doudouh. "Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma." Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


MLA (The Modern Language Association) Style

Nakro, Dounia, Omar Ait Sahel, Ikram Zahfir, and Abderrahim Doudouh. "Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma." Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. Web. 17 Aug 2026 doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324


APA (American Psychological Association) Style

Nakro, D., Sahel, . O. A., Zahfir, . I. & Doudouh, . A. (0) Inferior Vena Cava Tumor Thrombosis Mimicking Hepatic Metastases on Staging 18F-FDG PET/CT in Pulmonary Small Cell Neuroendocrine Carcinoma. Pakistan Journal of Nuclear Medicine, Online First: 17 Aug, 2026. doi:10.24911/PJNMed.175-1777420324




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